Alcohol and Nutrition
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What is this the chemical formula for: CH3CH2OH
Ethanol
What is the chemical formula for ethanol?
CH3CH2OH
Is alcohol said to have a high or low energy content?
High
Alcohol is often described as having empty calories- why?
Very little nutrient value Exception: folate in beer
Why is there no DRV set for alcohol?
Because it is not considered an essential nutrient
What percentage of the energy DRV is dedicated to alcohol?
5%
What is the recommended upper limit of alcohol?
14 units per week
What is the recommendation of alcohol for present women? Why is it this value?
0- due to the risk of fetal alcohol syndrome
What are the effects of alcohol on the body?
Decreased inhibition Slurred speech reduced coordination Unconscious
What is the legal driving limit in the UK?
Less than 80mg/100ml of blood
What is the relationship between alcohol and cancer described as being?
Complex- many studies produce conflicting findings
Which tract within the body readily absorbs alcohol?
GI
How is alcohol transported in the blood?
Unaltered
What is the name of the two pathways that convert ethanol to acetaldehyde?
Alcohol dehydrogenase pathway Cytochrome P450 system
What are the benefits of alcohol?
Social Reduced LDL, risk of CV disease, Type 2 diabetes Increased HDL
What does chronic excessive alcohol consumption lead to?
Fatty liver disease Cirrhosis Lactic acidosis Metabolic tolerance
What does a high NADH: NAH+ ratio indicate?
A metabolic shift that promotes fatty acids synthesis that causes lactic acidosis
What are the consequences of acetaldehyde toxicity?
Impairs protein function Impedes the formation of microtubules in the liver which leads to cirrhosis
What is meant by the term metabolic tolerance?
Becoming tolerant to the acute effects of alcohol • may result in deficiency • results in a reduced number of retinol due to competition for retinal which leads to reduce vision and blindness