Chapter 10
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any physical or psychological event or condition that produces stress:
stressor
the physiological changes associated with stress:
Stress response
the collective physiological and emotional responses to any stimulus that disturbs an individual’s homeostasis:
stress
a narrow range within normal limits of stable blood pressure, heart rate, hormone levels, and other vital functions – a “steady state” for the body:
homeostasis
Physical reaction to stressors:
Fight-or Flight reaction
branch of the peripheral nervous system that controls basic body processes:
Autonomic nervous system
division of the autonomic nervous system that reacts to danger or other challenges by accelerating body processes:
• Sympathetic division
division of the autonomic nervous system that moderates the excitatory effect of the sympathetic division:
Parasympathetic division
system of glands, tissues, and cells that secrete hormones into the bloodstream which influence metabolism + regulate body processes:
Endocrine system
The physiological response is the same regardless of the:
nature of the stressor
Once a stressful situation ends, the parasympathetic division returns the body to :
homeostasis
Together, the nervous system and the endocrine system prepare the body to:
respond to a stressor
The fight-or-flight reaction is often inappropriate for dealing with:
the stressors of modern life, many of which do not require a physical response
Emotional responses to stressors may include:
anxiety, depression, and fear
Behavioral responses are controlled by:
the somatic nervous system
branch of the peripheral nervous systems that governs motor functions and sensory information; largely under conscious control
the somatic nervous system
Type A personality:
ultra-competitive, controlling, impatient, aggressive, hostile • Easily upset; react explosively to stressors
Type B personality:
relaxed, contemplative, tolerant of others • React more calmly to stressors
Type C personality:
difficulty expressing emotions, anger suppression, feelings of hopelessness and despair • Exaggerated stress response
Hardy personality:
committed to activities, sense of inner purpose, inner locus of control • Views stressors as challenges/ growth opportunities
Gender roles affect:
perception of and responses to stressors
Both sexes experience the
fight-or-flight physiological response to stress
Women are more likely to respond to stress:
behaviorally with a pattern of “tend-and-befriend”, seeking social interaction
Gender differences may be partly tied to:
higher levels of the hormone oxytocin in women