Adapation And Evolution
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Genetics
Controls inherited characteristics
Allele
Form of a gene that can make an organism well suited to its environment
Mutation
A random and spontaneous change to genetic information and is the only source of new alleles
Neutral
Mutations that have little effect on an organism
Advantage
Mutations that provide an advantage to an organism and increase its chance of survival
Disadvantage
Mutations that can be harmful and so decreases its chance of survival
Mutagenic agents
A factor which increases the rate of a mutation (eg radiation chemicals)
Adaptation
A characteristic that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment
Structural adaptation
An adaptation that physically gives an organism an advantage to survive
Physiological adaptation
An adaptation that causes an animal to change their actions in order to survive
Behavioural adaptation
An adaptation that causes a change in the internal body of an organism to help them survive
Species
A group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring
Speciation
Can be behavioural ecological or geographical