Addition Reactions of Alkenes
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What are the reagents of Markovnikov hydrohalogenation reactions?
HX
What are the reagents of Anti-Markovnikov hydrohalogenation reactions?
ROOR (alkyl peroxides)
What does a hydrohalogenation reaction add?
Adds a halogen across a pi bond
Describe the mechanism of a hydrohalogenation reaction.
First, there’a a proton transfer. H ends up on the less substituted side, forming a carbocation intermediate and an ion. Then, the ion functions as a nucleophile and attacks the carbocation intermediate.
What is the intermediate of a hydrohalogenation reaction?
a carbocation`
During hydrohalogenation reactions, chiral centers often form. When that happens, what kinds of enantiomers are made?
a racemic mixture - equal amounts of both
What is hydration?
the process of adding water (H and OH) across a pi bond
What is the reaction mechanism for acid-catalyzed hydration?
Markovnikov addition. Start with a proton transfer onto the alkene, forming a carbocation intermediate. Next, water functions as a nucleophile and attacks the carbocation, forming an oxonium ion. Finally, water functions as a base and deprotonates the oxonium ion.
What is the reagent for an acid-catalyzed hydration reaction?
H3O+ Could also be written as H2O and an acid with brackets around, indicating it’s a catalyst.