Week 4 - Components Of Blood
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What type of blood component rapidly responded to tissue destruction by bacteria - phagocytosis and chemicals?
Neutrophil
What type of white blood cell is capable of phagocytosis and develops into macrophage?
Monocyte
What type of blood component attacks parasites in tissues and also reduce effects of histamine and other inflammatory agents?
Eosinophils
What type of blood component releases histamine which is a factor involved in inflammatory and allergic reactions?
Basophils
What type of blood component are cells that can develop into all types of blood cells?
Stem cells
What type of blood component contains haemoglobin and function in oxygen transport?
Red blood cells
What type of blood component is an immature Red blood cell that is released from the red bone marrow and they develop into mature red blood cells?
Reticulocytes
What type of blood component is a cell fragment that contains clotting factors?
Platelets
What type of blood component is a hormone made by the kidney in response to low oxygen levels in blood stimulates and the production of Red blood cells in bones?
Erythropoietin
What type of blood component is the percentage of the total blood volume that is occupied by red blood cells?
Haematocrit
What are the 3 functions of blood?
• transport • regulation • protection
Describe transport
• Transport of O2 and C02 to and from tissues, • nutrients from GI tract to tissue, • waste products from cells to kidneys, • hormones from endocrine glands to target organs
Describe regulation
Of pH blood buffers, body temperature, water content via ions and proteins
Describe protection
By haemostasis to prevent excessive blood loss, White blood cells and antibodies against pathogens
What hormone is responsible for red blood cell production? (Erythropoiesis)
Erythropoietin (EPO)
What are 3 situations where red blood cell production would increase
• excessive blood loss • inadequate RBC production or Hb deficiency • Hypoxaemia (caused by infection, respiratory conditions, low altitude)
Types of white blood cells
• Neutrophils • lymphocytes • monocytes • macrophages • Eosinophils • basophils
Location of neutrophils
• highly mobile and able to easily access tissue - normally found in blood
Function of neutrophils
• most abundant type of granulocyte (make up 40-70% of total WBC) • phagocytose particles and pathogens • respond aggressively to bacteria
Location of lymphocytes
Found in the lymphatic system and lymphoid tissue
Function of the lymphocytes
• include natural killer cells, T cells and B cells • identify and coordinate an immune response to antigens and produce antibodies • attack tumours and vitally infected cells
Location of monocytes
Produced in bone marrow and remain monocytes in the blood for only a short duration before migrating to tissue
Function of monocytes
• largest type of WBC • differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells • act as phagocytes, produce cytokines and are involved in antigen presentation
Location of macrophages
Circulating in the blood as free-wondering macrophages or fixed in specific tissue sites