C3- Structure and bonding

Solid spheres of identical size No forces between particles -Size and shape stays same -Energy changes, faster if hotter

-Particles aren’t solid -Particles aren’t spherical -There are forces between the particles

Closely packed Strong forces between Low energy Vibrate about fixed positions Can’t be compressed Fixed shape

Closely packed Medium forces between Medium energy Can slide over each other Can’t be compressed Fills container bottom

Spread out Weak forces between High energy Free, random motion Can be compressed Fills whole container

Strong force of attraction between positive metal ions and negative delocalised electrons

A giant lattice of metal ions with delocalised electrons

High melting point, strong electrostatic attraction between metal ions and delocalised electrons, takes high energy to break

Good electrical conductors, delocalised electrons can carry charge through the lattice

Good thermal conductors, delocalised electrons move through the lattice transferring thermal energy

A mixture of two or more elements, one of which is a metal

Alloys are harder than pure metals because of the irregular pattern of dif sized atoms

The strong force of electrostatic attraction between positive ions and negative ions

Metals and non-metals

Giant lattice of cations and anions

High melting point, strong forces of attraction between ions of opposite charge, takes lots of energy to break

Poor conductors, no free electrons

Conducts electricity when dissolved or molten as the ions are free to move

Strong electrostatic forces between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei

Non-metals

Simple structure with a fixed number of two or more atoms joined together

Strong covalent bonds between atoms Weak intermolecular forces between molecules

Low melting point, weak intermolecular forces need little energy to overcome

Do not conduct electricity, they have no free electrons