Topic B3 - Reaction Pathways
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Alkene —> Haloalkane
Electrophilic addition -room temperature -hydrogen halide (e.g. HCl); H is the electrophile (electron pair acceptor)
Alkene —> Alkane
Hydrogenation -nickel catalyst -423K -hydrogen
Alkene —> Alcohol
Hydration -steam -phosphoric acid catalyst
Alcohol —> Alkene
Dehydration -concentrated sulfuric acid -heat under reflux
Alcohol —> Haloalkane
Reflux -sulfuric acid -sodium halide (e.g. sodium chloride)
Haloalkane —-> Alcohol
Nucleophilic substitution -heat under reflux -sodium hydroxide (aqueous)
Alkane —> Haloalkane
Radical substitution -UV light -halogen (e.g. Cl2)
Primary alcohol —> Carboxylic acid
Full Oxidation -heat under reflux -sulfuric acid -excess potassium dichromate (oxidising agent) -colour change: orange to green
Primary alcohol —> Aldehyde
Partial Oxidation -sulfuric acid -potassium dichromate -distil product immediately (prevents further oxidation) -colour change: orange to green
Secondary Alcohol —> Ketone
Oxidation -heat under reflux -sulfuric acid -potassium dichromate -colour change: orange to green