Lung diseases

Tuberculosis Pulmonary Fibrosis Asthma Emphysema

Caused by a bacteria droplet inhaled by a droplet infection. The bacteria remain alive but dormant. The macrophages build a wall around the bacteria in the alveoli forming small hard lumps called tubercules. Eventually the infected tissue dies damaging the alveoli.

Damaged alveoli have smaller SA Thicker scar tissue so diffusion pathway is longer Elasticity is reduced so lungs cannot expand and hold as much air as normal Tidal volume = decreased Ventilation rate = increased

Persistent cough, shortness of breath

Formation of scar tissue in the lungs after an infection or breathing in substances like abestos

Scar tissue is thicker so diffusion pathway is longer Elasticity is reduced so lungs cannot expand and hold as much air as normal Tidal volume = decreased Ventilation rate = increased Symptons : Dry cough, Shortness of breath, Chest pain

Dry cough, shortness of breath, chest pain and fatigue

Airways become inflamed due to an allergic reaction to inhaled substances such as pollen or dust . Smooth muscle lining the bronchioles contracts and lots of mucus is produced. This reduces the diameter of airways

Airway constrict severely reducing air flow in and out of the lungs so less oxygen diffuses into blood FEV1 = Severely reduced

Wheezing, tight chest, shortness of breath

Caused by foreign particles (from smoking or long term exposure to air pollution) being trapped in the alveoli. This causes inflammation, phagocytes arrive and they produce an enzyme which breaks down the elastin in the walls of the alveoli

Damaged alveoli decrease SA Loss of elastin in alveoli means they cant recoil air as well and less air is expelled

Shortness of breath and wheezing