ch.27 amines, amino acids, and polymers

R - NH2 derived from ammonia NH3 1 or more H replaced by a carbon chain

-amine when at end of chain n - amino when in middle of chain 2* or 3* when the same alkyl group di or tri - (alkyl) amine when multiple different groups attached to N N-(group), N-(group) (longest group) amine

lone pair accepts a proton dative covalent bond positive ammonium ion

reacts with acids to form a salt NH2 —> NH3+

reacts with alkalis to form salts and alcohols to form esters

amino acid + alcohol and sulfuric acid COOH —> COO(alcohol) amine group also becomes protonated NH2 —> NH3+ +H2O

when the amine group accepts the H of the COOH forming a - and + ion

PH at which a zwitterion is formed unique to each amino acid

behaves as an acid loses H+ from NH3+

acts as a base gains a proton COO- becomes COOH NH3+ stays same

N attached to C=O from reactions of ammonia and acyl chlorides and amines

molecule with a chiral centre 2 non-superimposable mirror image structures known as optical isomers or enantiomers 1 pair of isomers for every chiral carbon

a carbon attached to 4 different atoms or groups of atoms

joining of monomers with the loss of a small molecule usually water or Hydrogen chloride

requires a monomer with 2 x COOH and a monomer with 2 x OH or if 1 has both groups

(2n-1) H2O

polymers formed by monomers linked by amide linkages formed from 1 monomer with both COOH (or acyl chloride) and an amine or from 2 monomers each containing 2 of the same group

can be hydrolysed using hot aqueous alkali like NaOH or by hot aqueous acid like HCl

reforms OH and COOH

reforms OH and forms carboxylate salt COO-Na+

reforms COOH forms NH3+

reforms NH2 and forms carboxylate salt COO-Na+

OH from the COOH and H from the NH2 or OH

Excess ammonia and a haloalkane