UNIT IV: Archaea & Bacteria

responsible for translation, or the process our cells use to makeproteins.

responsible for reading the order ofamino acidsand linkingamino acidstogether.

taken from the mythological Greek god Proteus; presumed as the largest taxonomic group of bacteria

includes most of the proteobacteria that are capable of growth with very low levels of nutrients; include nitrogen-fixing bacteria, chemoautotrophs, and chemoheterotrophs

cellular appendage; protrusions such as stalks or buds in the cellular membrane

Most abundant in the oceans on the basis of weight

a soil bacterium that grows in close association with the roots of many plants, especially tropical grasses; NItrogen-fixing bacteria

industrially important aerobic organisms that convert ethanol into acetic acid (vinegar)

emerging pathogen found in patients with chronic granulomatous disease

gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria, or coccobacilli. Arthropod-borne, spotted fevers; enter their host cell by inducing phagocytosis

causes Epidemic typhus (Vector: Lice)

Endemic murine typhus (Vector: Rat fleas)

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (Vector: Tick)

gram-negative, rickettsia-like bacteria that live obligately within white blood cells; are transmitted by ticks to humans

α (alpha) Proteobacteria found in low-nutrient aquatic environments; have prosthecae

α (alpha) Proteobacteria; a budding bacteria found in lakes

group of agriculturally important bacteria that specifically infect the roots of leguminous plants, such as beans, peas, or clover; form a symbiotic relationship, resulting in the fixation of nitrogen from the air for use by the plant

PLant pathogen that invades plants. MOA: Insert a plasmid into plant cells, inducing a tumor

the most common vector that scientists use to carry new genes into a plant cell because the thick wall of plants is especially difficult to penetrate

Cat-scratch disease; caught from flea bites and flea dirt

small nonmotile coccobacilli & obligate parasites of mammals; causes Brucellosis

Chemoautotrophic; genera of nitrifying bacteria that are of great importance to the environment and to agriculture. They are chemoautotrophs capable of using inorganic chemicals as energy sources and carbon dioxide as the only source of carbon, from which they synthesize all of their complex chemical makeup.

Key difference between Nitrobacter and Nitrosomonas

most common infectious bacterial genus in the world; live in insects and other animals (endosymbiosis)