MYTH 5 - Lecture 16 - Learning and Forgetting

the effects of practice or adaptation on motor control and the changes in neuro-motor mechanisms associated with memory and performance

goal directed movement requires the uptake of visual information (e.g. about the target) and central command to activate muscles required for the desired movement

the many degrees of freedom of the motor system need to be reduced so that active control is possible –> brain cannot effectively produce fluid movement if we have to independent control

• Verbal-cognitive [novel skill, have to think about every aspect, self talk, no spare attention] • Motor - [associative, focus on basic movement pattern, refined details progressively, slowly introduce variation, identify useful feedback, feedforward] • autonomous - [actions become automatic, low cognitive, spare attention, improved precision, accuracy]

repetitive practice, producing the same movement. it is not reflective of harder skill i.e. match/game specific situation. there are no intervening activities, good for early learning

skills are practiced in a random manner so that multiple tasks are learned together. Better stimulation of overall/task. it is difficult to establish basic movement patterns when switching between tasks and skills Problem with random practice - can be frustrating for the athlete, performance during training will be worse.

it is a rule that specifies the correct parameter values for the desired outcomes. the desired outcome may never have been predicted. Schema are more accurate if constructed from variable practice there are 4 things required • initial conditions of movement; proprioception • response specifications; speed, force • sensory consequences of the movement • movement outcome, knowledge of results

• knowledge of performance - knowledge of results