Chapter 14: Communication and Internet Technologies

• Provide a standard set of rules to enable successful data transfer • Enables compatibility between devices from different manufacturers or platforms —> makes communications independent of software and hardware • If two devices with different protocols were sending messages between each other, they would not be able to communicate properly

• Provide communications security over the internet/ network • Enables two parties to identify and authenticate each other - allows them to communicate with confidentiality and integrity

The protocols in a stack determine the interconnectivity rules for a layered network model such as the TCP/IP mode

(LITA from outermost to innermost) Link Internet Transport Application

Application layer provides the devices to access network and applications such as emails, cloud storage etc. ———— - HTTPS -> sending/ receiving/ transfer of web pages - FTP -> sending/ receiving files - SMTP -> emails - POP or IMAP - BitTorrent -> Peer to Peer file share

To put it simply - handles/ controls the flow of packets - Responsible for the delivery of data from source host to destination host - Breaks the data into manageable packets and sends them to the internet layer - Handles packet loss/ corruption

Handles how data is physically sends - Ensures the correct network protocols are followed - Enables the upper layers to access the physical medium - Responsible for transporting data within the network - Maps IP address to MAC address

• Identifies the intended network and host • Transmits packets to the Data Link • Routes packets independently - through optimum route • Uses an IP address and port number to form a socket