Test #5 (Semester 2)

amount of heat energy it takes to raise 1 gram of water by 1˚C

Calorie (found on food packages equals 1000 calories 3500 calories: 1 pound

produces 1 liter of saliva a day

chemical digestion 95% water mucin (slimy and lubricates) amylase (breaks down starch)

chewing food in mouth, churning food in stomach physical breaking of food into smaller pieces

using enzymes break food down (mouth, stomach, small intestine)

muscular tube leading to stomach

muscle contractions that move through the esophagus (moves food downwards)

blocks trachea

muscular sac kicked at the end of the esophagus churns and digests using pepsin and hydrochloric acid and pepsin protective acid layer (mucus)

place of mechanical and chemical digestion saliva and teeth

doorway that leads into stomach leaky valve leads to heartburn

an enzyme that helps digest proteins digests polypeptides/proteins

kills bacteria, turns on enzyme, and dissolve intracellular glues

21 foot long tube: duodenum, jejunum, ileum digestion follows the stomach, before large intestine (uses amylase, sucrase, lipase to digest) absorbs with villi

inner foldings of intestine to increase surface area for absorption of food particles/monomers into blood

organ that cleans blood and makes bile emulsifies fats stores glucose as glycogen converts food waste into urea

made in the liver stored in gallbladder released to small intestine breaks fat down into small particles

stores bile

organ that helps digestion and makes hormones sodium bicarbonate (base) amylase trypsin/chymotrypsin insulin and glucagon (hormones)

a base that neutralizes stomach acid

a large tube that surrounds the small intestine holds e. coli (symbiont: life living together) provides vitamin K absorbs water and minerals and vitamins

quick cell to cell communication through body

cleans blood of nitrogen wastes