3.12 Condensation Polymers
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What is a condensation reaction?
A small molecule is eliminated when monomers form a polymer Eg H2O, HCl, CH3OH
What are some types of condensation polymers?
Polyester Polyamide
What is the functional group and linkage of an ester?
R-COO-R C=O | O (With COO in the middle)
What do you need to form a polyester?
A carboxylic acid An alcohol With a functional group on both ends so they are reactive Therefore a dioic acid and a diol
How do you add the monomers of a dioic acid and a diol together to form a polyester?
You remove water molecules Remove a OH from one side and then a H from the other side of both the monomers Put the repeating unit in square brackets with the end bonds going out the ends
Example of a polyester?
Terylene Used in clothing
What do we have to do with repeating units?
Work out the original monomers that were used
What is an amide bond?
C=O | N—H
What monomers are polyamides comprised of?
A dioic acid (A carboxyl group on each end of an R group- COOH) A diamine (An amine group on each end of an R group - NH2)
In Nylon 6,10 what do the numbers refer to?
The number of carbons in each R group The first number(6) - the RNH2 monomer The second number(10) - the RCOOH monomer
How should you write the polymers if many carbons are included in the carbon chain?
Shorten the chain by putting CH2 in normal brackets and putting the required number outside on the right next to it H | C -this is brackets | H
What must you remember in the condensation reaction of polymers?
To write the polymer in the square brackets AND The 2 small eliminated molecules I.e 2H2O
What could be used as the monomers as an alternative in polyamides?
A diamine And An acyl chloride (instead of a dioic acid) This on the end R-C=O | Cl Eg CH3COCl - ethanoyl chloride
What is produced as the eliminated molecule from a diamine and a acyl chloride?
HCl is produced as the eliminated molecule HCl produces white misty fumes
Give two examples of polyamides?
Kevlar - used in bullet proof vests Nomex - used as a fire retardant and for F1 drivers balaclava’s
What is significant about disposal of addition polymers?
They are non biodegradable As they are un reactive with strong non-polar bonds Disposed of in landfill sites or some can be melted down and remoulded Could be burnt but CO2 and/or CO is released
What is significant about disposal of condensation polymers?
Polyesters and polyamides can be broken down by hydrolysis (potentially biodegradable)