4 - Movement analysis

• dendrite • cell body • nucleus • axon • motor end plate • synapse • muscle

link the neuron to other neurons and allow information o flow between different nerves.

is the main component of nerve signal transmissions. It is similar to the electrical wire and is made of myelin

A protein that makes sure the electrical signal is insulated from from surrounding tissues. The myelin has holes in it called Nodes of Ranvier which help aid the transmission of information.

transmission of electric nerve impulses between two nerve cells

Neurotransmitters are chemicals which are released at the end of a nerve fiber by a nerve impulse. They are used for communication between a neuron and the synapse and another cell. Acetylcholine is the primary neurotransmitter for the motor neurons that innervate skeletal muscle. Cholinesterase is an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of acetylcholine into choline and acetic acid which is necessary for the neuron to return to its resting state.

Slow twitch Type 1 – Slow twitch They are associated with endurance sports as they produce ATP more slowly and reley on aerobic respiration • Take longer to contract • Give long sustained muscle contractions • Not as powerful • Have more mitochondria • Have a good oxygen supply • Suited to activities which require long term energy Fat switch Type IIa – Fast twitch *Have a greater resistance to fatigue due to endurance training • Contract quickly • Give sharp powerful muscle contractions • Don’t use oxygen • Have fewer mitochondria • Suited to activities with burst of strength and power • Tire quickly Type IIb – Fast twitch glycolic

• flexion • extension • adduction • adduction • pronation • supination • elevation • depression • rotation • circumduction • dorsi flexion • plantar flexion • eversion • inversion

• flexion • extension • adduction • adduction • pronation • supination • elevation (the upward movement) • depression (a downward movement) • rotation • circumduction • dorsi flexion • plantar flexion • eversion • inversion

A straight line in which an object rotates around.

• Sagittal axis - Passes horizontally from posterior to anterior • Frontal plane • Frontal axis – Horizontally left to right • Sagittal movement • Vertical axis – From inferior to superior • Transverse plane

The muscle stays the SAME length, the muscle force balances resistance • Generally, no movement • Pushing against a fixed position Example: Plank

A CHANGE in muscle length due to the increase in load.

Muscle shortens Decrease in angle joint Pulls against gravity Causes joint movement

Muscle lengthens Increase in muscle joint Works with gravity Controls joint movement

Is can be: • Isokinetic concentric contraction • Isokinetic eccentric contraction It’s basically means the velocity of muscle contractions remains constant while the muscle length changes (can either shorten or lengthen)

describes the process of muscles on one side of a joint relaxing (antagonist) to accommodate contraction on the other side of that joint (agonist).

the pain and stiffness felt in muscles several hours to days after strenuous exercise. It is brought on by eccentric contractions. It can be reduced by starting training at low intensity and gradually increasing it thus reducing the eccentric contractions. In addition to this warming up and cooling doesn’t is important.

A measurement that only has size

A measurement that has both size and direction

A push or a pull Displacement – Distance measured in a stated direction

Maximum rate at which a person is able to move their body

Rate at which an object changes position

The rate of change in velocity