Kidney Physiology And Function
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What are the three main functions of the renal system?
Excretion Elimination Regulation of other body systems
What is elimination via the renal route?
Removal of waste products from the body via the ureter, bladder and urethra.
What does regulation via the kidneys entail?
Homeostatic regulation of volume and blood plasma concentration.
State the 3 main regions of the kidney?
Renal cortex Renal medulla Renal pelvis
Where are nephrons primarily located?
In the renal cortex
Where is the blood pressure the highest in the kidneys?
In the glomerulus
Which nervous system is in control of the kidneys?
The sympathetic nervous system.
Where are the renal sensory nerves found?
In the renal pelvic wall
What is the importance of the adrenal glands?
They are important for the production of hormones which can regulate renal function.
What are adrenal glans comprised of?
Adrenal cortex Adrenal medulla
State which hormone is released by the adrenal cortex.
Aldosterone is released through hormonal stimulation
What does the adrenal medulla release?
Adrenaline and noradrenaline through sympathetic NS stimulation.
What are the two main types of nephrons?
Cortical nephrons = 85% Juxtamedullary nephrons = 15%
What is the function of a nephron?
The basic structural and functional unit of the kidneys. It regulates water and soluble substances in the body by filtering blood and reabsorbing/ excreting urine.
What is the structure of a Nephron?
Renal corpuscle Renal tubule Collecting systems
What is the renal corpuscle made up of?
Bowman’s capsule Glomerulus
What is the renal tubule made up of?
Proximal convoluted tubule Loop of Henle Distal convoluted tubule
What is the collecting system made up of?
Collecting duct
How is the blood supplied to the nephron?
Blood arrives at the nephron through the afferent arteriolar Enters into the glomerular capillaries Exits through the efferent arteriole
What are the renal lobes made up of?
Renal pyramids and the outer renal cortex
What does excretion via the kidneys entail?
Removal of waste materials from the body (kidneys). Urine is formed in the kidneys.
What is elimination?
Urine is removed from the body via the ureter > bladder > urethra
What is the importance of renal regulation?
It is important in the regulation of other body systems.
What do renal nerves do?
The renal nerves follow arterial supply to reach individual nephrons.