Wk 8- The Cardiovascular System
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Main features of the cardiovascular system: h? b? b v? a? v? c?
Heart Blood Blood vessels Arteries Veins Capillaries
Main chambers of the heart: What are the 4 chambers of the heart? 2? 2? There are left and right of each
Atriums left and right Ventricles left and right
The main chambers: Atriums receive blood L=oxygen - blood R=oxygen - blood
Left - rich Right - poor
Main chambers: Ventricles pump blood R=blood to ? L=blood to circulatory Systems : c? and s?
Right- lungs Left- systemic and coronary
Main arteries/ veins: Coronary arteries H? Supply of blood Left and right coronary arteries feed the base of the a? Right coronary arteries feed into the ? Atrium and ? Ventricles Left coronary arteries feed into ? Atrium, left ventricle and interventricular s-
Heart Aorta Right atrium , both ventricles Left atrium, septum
Coronary veins: Oxygen ? blood from heart drains to coronary s?The coronary s- empties blood into the right atrium at the base of the v- c- There are 4 main veins: 1. G- cardiac vein 2. M- cardiac vein 3. S- cardiac vein 4. A- cardiac vein
Poor Sinus Sinus, vena cava Great , middle , small, anterior
Structure blood vessels Arteries and veins: What are the 3 internal layers? • T- I- innermost layer, ^ smooth= less friction • T- M- Middle layer, elastic and smooth muscle , allows vasoconstriction / dilation , thicker in the arteries • T- E- Outermost layer, connective tissue, fuses with adjacent tissue for blood and nerve supply
• Tunica Intima • Tunica Media • Tunica External
Structural differences between blood vessels arteries and veins : Arteries: - walls S- muscles Resists ^ pressure Veins: F? walls - way valves
Thick walls Smooth Floppy walls 1 way
Structures of the heart Aortic - Superior - - Anterior - - Pulmonary - , left and right Pulmonary - , left and right A- left and right V- left and right Inter- septum
Aortic arch Superior vena cava Anterior vena cava Pulmonary arteries Pulmonary veins Atriums Ventricles Interventricular septum
Structure of the heart: The Heart wall has 3 layers: - cardium Outer layer/ visceral pericardium - cardium Muscular wall, contains cardiac muscle vasculature and nerves - cardium Inner layer
Epicardium Myocardium Endocardium
Aortic arch : Pumps oxygen ? blood out of the heart for - circulation in the body
Oxygen Rich Systemic circulation
The vena cavas: The superior vena cava: Blood - the heart from the ?body The anterior vena cava: Blood - the heart from the ?body
Into, upper Into, lower
The heart valves: There are 2 types of heart valves 2 ? 2 ? The ? Is between the atriums and ventricles on each side They prevent back flow ? valves= 1 at the base of the a? artery and 1 at the base of the p?artery Prevent blood back flow from arteries into ven?
AV SV AV SV, aorta , pulmonary Ventricles
Pulmonary arteries/veins/valves Pulmonary arteries: Oxygen - blood sent to the - to convert –2 to -2 Pulmonary veins: Oxygen - blood from the - is sent to the - The pulmonary valve/ – valve sends blood - to the -
Oxygen poor , lungs, CO2 to O2 Oxygen rich, lungs , heart SV , up , artery
Blood vessels: There are 5 classes of blood vessels: • Art? • Arterioles • Ca? • Ven? • V?
Arteries Capillaries Venules Veins
Blood vessels: capillaries Capillaries are extremely ? blood vessels Their structure allows the passage of specific substances through the walls. Capillaries permit nutrient / w? / gas e? Capillaries are found next to almost all tissues with meta? requirements ( waste/ nutrients)
Small Waste, exchange Metabolic
Heart valves: Blood must flow through the heart in ? direction. Atria > v? Ventricles into either pul? or systemic circulation. What are the 4 valves that ensure this ? way passage? 2 AV = at? valves 2 Semilunar valves
One Ventricles Pulmonary One Atrioventricular
The heart is surrounded by the lungs, encased in peri? Beats 100,000 times/day Pumps at least 1?,000 litres blood/ day Adaptable = can ? number bpm, force of con? and stroke volume
Pericardium 14,000 Increase Contraction