Chapter 2 Chemical Compositions of the Body

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

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Front (Question)

what is an ion?

Back (Answer)

mismatch between number of protons and electrons; results when an atoms gains or loses one or more electrons

Front (Question)

covalent bond

Back (Answer)

strongest chemical bond, atoms share electrons; eg. CH4

Front (Question)

ionic bond

Back (Answer)

opposite charges attract; one atom loses and electron the other one excepts it; eg. Na+Cl-

Front (Question)

hydrogen bonds

Back (Answer)

weaker then ionic bonds; attraction of H to O or N; seeing as dashed lines; eg. H2O molecules

Front (Question)

van der Waals forces

Back (Answer)

weakest chemical bond; molecules are near by each other and just have a slight electrical attraction; eg. between lipid molecules

Front (Question)

molecular weight

Back (Answer)

grams of solute you need to add to 1 L of solvent to produce a 1-molar (M) solution

Front (Question)

polar compounds

Back (Answer)

can dissolve other polar compounds, are slightly charged They have opposite charges at each end of the bond

Front (Question)

non-polar compounds

Back (Answer)

don´t have a charge

Front (Question)

hydrophilic compounds

Back (Answer)

dissolve in water

#10

Front (Question)

hydrophobic compounds

Back (Answer)

fats; don´t dissolve in water; dissolve in other hydrophobic, non-polar solvents

#11

Front (Question)

amphipathic

Back (Answer)

don´t like water enither fats, don´t like polar neither non-polar solvents

#12

Front (Question)

ph value

Back (Answer)

indicates the acidity of a solution

#13

Front (Question)

what is the primary determinant of solution´s acidity?

Back (Answer)

free hydrogen ions

#14

Front (Question)

realtionship between acidity and ph

Back (Answer)

more acidity = lower ph; fewer acidity = higher ph ph < 7 = acidic ( a lot of hydrogen) ph 7 = neutral ph > 7 alkaline

#15

Front (Question)

organic molecules

Back (Answer)

carbohydrates (suagrs), lipids, proteins, nulcleic acids (DNA, RNA) They contain C and H

#16

Front (Question)

general formular of carbohydrates

Back (Answer)

C(n)H(2n)O(n) (twice as many hydrogen molecules then carbon and oxygen

#17

Front (Question)

function of carbohydrates

Back (Answer)

energy storage and production

#18

Front (Question)

glycogen

Back (Answer)

stored energy unit made by glucose;

#19

Front (Question)

types of lipids

Back (Answer)

fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids (ring structure)

#20

Front (Question)

structure of lipids

Back (Answer)

non-polar covalent bonds low solubility in water all carbons are connected to hydrogen

#21

Front (Question)

function of lipids

Back (Answer)

best energy source used in membranes and hormones insulation

#22

Front (Question)

phopholipids

Back (Answer)

have polar and non-polar region

#23

Front (Question)

structure of proteins

Back (Answer)

build by amino acids (like a string of beads)

#24

Front (Question)

main components of proteins

Back (Answer)

C, H, O, N, sulfur + other elements in small amounts