Ch.9 Language & Thought
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What is Language?
a system for communicating via signals grammatically arranged to convey meaning
What is Grammar?
The rules that symbols and signals must follow to convey meaning
What is a Phoneme?
short sounds recognizable as speech, rather than random noise; 100 possible; about 40 in English
What are Morphemes?
the smallest unit of meaningful sound; (Pat); can be combined with other Morphemes to make longer words; (Paternal)
What are Syntax Rules?
rules that indicate how words can be combined to form phrases and sentences.
What is Deep structure?
The meaning that you are trying to convey
What is Surface structure?
How you word a sentence to try and convey a meaning
Children learn language…
quickly and make few errors
Children develop…
passive mastery faster than active mastery
Infants can distinguish between all phonemes up until…
6 months of age
What is fast mapping?
the fact that children can map a word onto an underlying concept after only a single exposure
Children don’t only imitate, they…
develop implicit understanding of grammar
What is overgeneralization?
During the ages of 3-4, children overgeneralize the rules of grammar; “run” to “raned”
What are the three theories of language development?
the behaviorist, nativist, and interactionist
What is the behaviorist theory of language development?
it states that language is learned through operant conditioning and imitation
What is the nativist theory of language development?
it states that language is innate; (inborn)
What is the interactionist theory of language development?
it states that language is learned mainly by social interactions
What does Broca’s area do?
produces language
What does Wernicke’s area do?
comprehends language
Where are the Broca and Wernicke areas located in the brain?
left hemisphere
What do the Broca’s and Wernicke’s equivalents do in the right side of the brain?
“Broca”- expresses emotion “Wernicke”- detects changes in language (emotion)
What is Aphasia?
difficulty in producing or understanding language
What is Broca’s aphasia?
difficulty producing language
What is Wernicke’s aphasia?
difficulty understanding language