Test 3 Review
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soil texture
proportion of sand, silt, and clay in the soil
soil structure
arrangement or grouping of individual soil particles into peds or aggregates
soil particles
sand, silt, clay
factors that influence bulk density (5)
• organic matter • texture/aggregation • structure • compaction • depth in soil profile
how to increase soil pH
lime
soil water at field capacity
saturated and allowed to drain freely
pedon
smallest unit of soil that contains all the horizons of a specific soil type
catena
a sequence of soils with different horizons caused by differences in their depth to the water table
soil profile
2-D representation of a vertical section of soil from the surface to deepest layers whole thing from top to bottom
soil horizon
soil layers; roughly parallel layers in the soil with varying compositions and properties
soil color determinants (4)
• mineralogy of parent material • organic matter • hydrology • soil chemistry
tool to determine soil color
Munsell Color Chart
10YR 6/3
10YR = hue 6 = value 3 = chroma
hue
proportions of red to yellow top right corner
chroma
how bright vs dull x-axis
value
amount of light reflected y-axis
amount of soil nutrients
at least 16
amount of soil macronutrients
9
amount of soil micronutrients
8
fertile and infertile soil based on CEC, soil pH, silicate clay type
fertile: higher CEC, neutral pH, and montmorillonite silicate clay infertile: low CEC, highly acid or highly alkaline pH, Fe and Al oxide silicate clays
in what pH range are N and P available for plants
5.8 - 6.8 (K tends to like more alkaline soils)
molybdenum is usually important for what crop?
soybeans (rhizobium) and legumes
in what pH range is molybdenum usually available for plants?
alkaline soils (pH 7.1+)
lime commonly comes in two forms, CaCO3 and MgCO3, what are their common names?
Ca: calcite Mg: dolomite