DNA: The code of life
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What part of the nucleus disappears during prophase of mitosis (1.3.2)
Double nuclear membrane, nucleolus, ER, ribosomes
Name two functions of the cell nucleus (1.4)
The chromosomes in the nucleus store the genetic material of the cell It regulates the structure and activities of the cell
Why do think gregor mendel is the father of genetics? (2.1)
He was the first person who performed heredity experiments using pea plants and who found that each heredity characteristic is controlled by a specific gene
Name the 2 Nucleic acids (name and abbreviation) that occur in a cell? (3.1)
DNA- deoxyribonucleic acid RNA- ribonucleic acid
Are Nucleic Acids considered to be inorganic or organic molecules. Explain your answer? (3.2)
Organic- It contains the element carbon
What are the monomers (building blocks) of nucleic acids called? (3.3)
Nucleotides
Name the sugar molecules that occur in DNA (3.5.1) and RNA (3.5.2)
DNA- deoxyribose RNA-ribose
Name the different nitrogenous bases that occur in DNA (3.6.1) and RNA (3.6.2)
DNA- Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine RNA- Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine
What is the natural shape of RNA? (3.8.2)
Single stranded which may be straight or folded
To which group of organic compounds does RNA belong to? (8.3.2)
Carbohydrates
Name the 3 types of RNA found in a cell? (8.4)
mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
Briefly describe the structure of mRNA (8.5.1)
It consists of a single strand with an unlimited number of nucleotides and nitrogenous bases in any order. each group of three nitrogenous bases is known as a codon
What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus so DNA is found in the cytoplasm, they are the oldest living organisms, DNA is enclosed in a membrane (DNA in plasmid) and no membrane bound organelles. Eg. Bacteria Eukaryotic cells contain membrane bound nuclei and other organelles, DNA forms part of the chromosomes. Eukaryotic cells also contain extra- nuclear DNA that forms outside the nucleus in mitochondria and chloroplasts for plants.
what is the function of the double nuclear membrane on the nucleus
encloses the nucleus and isolates its contents from the cytoplasm, it is a differentially permeable membrane and controls movement of substances in and out the nucleus
what is the function of the nuclear pores on the nucleus
regulate transport of protein and RNA molecules across the 2 membranes
what is the function of the nucleolus
Is mainly involved in the assembly of ribosomes
what is the function of the chromosomes
contain DNA which provides the genetic information for the protein synthesis to control metabolism and structure of cell. Also carries heredity information.
What are the functions of the cell nucleus
regulates the metabolism of the cell DNA controls the production of enzymes (proteins that catalyse all reactions that occur in the cell) and therefore it controls the processes that occur in the cell regulate the structure of the cell carries the heredity characteristics of the cell + organism (DNA carries genes that each determine a characteristics)
what is a monomer
it is a building block
what is a nucleotide
the monomer which forms DNA and RNA
what is nuclear DNA?
DNA found in the nucleus
what is heredity?
Genetic information passed on from parent to offspring
what are histones?
proteins that form part of the chromosomes
what is a gene?
A section or chemical structure of DNA in a chromosome, which carries a code about a particular characteristic in an organism.