Chapter 4 - Vitamins
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Vitamins
Organic substances for normal growth and activity of the body
Deficiencies
Disease due to lack of metabolic substances
Toxin
A poison substance of plant, animal, bacterial, or fungal origin
How does Hypervitaminosis occur?
In association with food or dietary supplement faddism
What vitamins are the soluble fats?
A,D,E,K
What vitamins are the water soluble
B Complex, C
What does the Vitamin A deficiency have?
Is obtained from carotene; Has dry flat epithelial cells that become hard
What are the side effects of Vitamin A deficiency?
• The conjunctiva kertinizes, • The mucous membrane drys up which risks infection, • Night Blindness • Dry Skin and tooth defects
How is the Vitamin B complex obtained?
Through grains and rice
What is the deficiency of Thiamine result in?
Beriberi which only occurs in chronic alcoholics
What does a Niacin deficiency result in?
• Abnormal heart rate • Damage to blood vessels • Pellagra
What is Pellagra?
Dietary lack of B3 and tryptophan
What are the four symptoms of Pellagra?? (Four Ds)
Diarrhea Dermatitis Dementia Death
What is Riboflavin B2 good for?
Important for energy metabolism
Cheilosis
Sore and cracked lips
Folic Acid B9 deficiency
May result in anemia and spina bifida
What is Vitamin C needed for??
Needed for collagen synthesis; Prevents progression of Alzheimer disease
What does the deficiency of vitamin C result in??
Lowers Collagen Formation Lowers Absorption of Iron Infections Increase Scurvy
What does the deficiency in Vitamin D result in?
Usually results in Rickets because you cant absorb calcium well
Why do you need Vitamin D?
To absorb Calcium well from intestines
What is Rickets?
Deformities of the long bones, body soreness
What is Hypervitaminosis?
Increased blood calcium levels
What does Hypervitaminosis cause?
Arteriosclerosis;, Risks Kidney Stones and Decalcification of bones
What does the deficiency of Vitamin E result in?
Hemolysis of RBC