chapter 15

Contains main genome; DNA and RNA synthesis.ny

Synthesis of most lipids; synthesis of proteins for distribution to many organelles and to the plasma membrane.

Modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins and lipids for either secretion of delivery to another organelle.

Intracellular degradation

Sorting of endocytosed material

ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation

ATP synthesis and carbon fixation by photosynthesis

Oxidation of toxic molecules

Contains proteins that act as binding sites for the chromosomes.

Provides structural support for nuclear envelope

Closely resembles the membrane of ER.

Consists of one or two short sequences containing several positively charged amino acids. (lysines & arginines)

Special proteins that aid in the transport of the protein across the two membranes and help fold it back into its tertiary structure once inside.

Completely translocated across the membrane and enter the ER lumen

Partly translocated across the membrane and become embedded in it.

Present in cytosol, binds to both the ribosome and the ER signal sequence of polypeptide when it emerges from ribosome.

Distinctive coat protein on cytosolic surface; help shapes the membrane into a bud.

Protein that interacts with the t-Snare prior to joining of target and vesicle snares.

Process of cells detecting and responding to signals in the extracellular environment.

Extracellular signal molecule binds to receptor

Transfer of signal from outside of cell to inside of cell

Response is initiated and/or occurs entirely within receiving cell.

Long distance signaling that is able to signal the whole body, occurs through the systematic circulation.

Signaling in the neighborhood or communication to neighboring cells. Act as local mediators to influence neighboring cells. Depends upon diffusion and regulated by factors.