The Solar System
No description yet. This curated deck is ready for daily study.
Card preview (24)
The _________ is the sun and all of the planets and other bodies that travel around it.
SOLAR SYSTEM
Until the time of Copernicus, most scientists thought the _________ model of the solar system was correct.
GEOCENTRIC
An apparent shift in the position of an object when viewed from different locations is called ______.
PARALLAX
Who first observed the phases of Venus?
Galileo Galilei
Who attempted to measure the relative distance to the moon and the sun?
Aristarchus
Who replaced circles with ellipses in a heliocentric model of the universe?
Kepler
Whose heliocentric model is seen as the first step in the development of modern models of the solar system?
Ptolemy
How did data gathered using Galileo’s early telescope support the heliocentric model?
Galileo discovered the moons Io, Europa, Callisto, and Ganymede orbiting Jupiter. This proved that Jupiter, like Earth, had bodies orbiting it. Galileo also observed the phases of Venus. This indicated that Venus traveled around the sun and not Earth.
How did Aristotle’s inability to detectparallax lead him to propose a geocentricmodel of the solar system?
Because Aristotle could see no detectable change in the positions of the stars, he thought that Earth was immovable and that Earth was the center of the solar system
Small bodies from which the planets formed are called ________.
PLANETESIMALS
The path that a body follows as it travels aroundanother body in space is its __________.
ORBIT
The ________ is the cloud of gas and dust from which our solar system formed.
SOLAR NEBULA
Define GRAVITY:
Gravity is a universal force of attraction between bodies that is due to their masses and the distance between them.
How did the sun formed?
Temperatures in the center of the protostellar disk grew so hot that the fusion process began. The fusion process caused outward pressure to balance the inward pull of gravity, which stopped the collapse of matter and gave birth to the sun.
How did planetesimals form?
Dust grains stuck together to form dust granules. Dust granules increased in size until they became meter sized objects. Meter-sized objects collided to form kilometer-sized planetesimals.
On page 481, what law is illustrated in this diagram?
Kepler 2nd Law- planets move faster in their orbits when closer to the sun.
How does gravity keep the planets in orbit around the sun?
The sun exerts a gravitational force upon the planets that causes the planets to move in elliptical orbits around the sun.
How do temperature differences in the protoplanetary disk explain the arrangement of the planets in the solar system?
In the hot inner protoplanetary disk, only rocky, metallic planets could form. In the cold outer protoplanetary disk, only planets with small, rocky cores and thick gaseous atmospheres could form.
The process by which two or more low-mass atomic nuclei fuse to form a heavier nucleus is called ________.
NUCLEAR FUSION
A _______ is a dark area on the surface of the sun that is cooler than the surrounding areas.
SUNSPOT
A _________ is a loop of relatively cool gas that extends above the photosphere.
PROMINENCE
What is the layer of the sun from which energy escapes into space?
Photosphere
What is the layer of the sun in which energy is produced?
Core
What is the layer of the sun through which energy is transferred away from the core by radiation?
Radiative Zone