C11 - Polymers
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define monomer
small molecules that bond together to make polymers
describe addition polymerisation
the double covalent bond between carbon opens up and is replaced with a single bond. This bonds to more monomers forming an addition polymer
chemical equation: ethene to poly(ethene)
equation
difference between products of condensation and addition polymerisation
addition → addition polymer condensation → condensation polymer + small molecule (usually water)
difference between reactants of condensation and addition polymerisation
In condensation, 2 types of monomers are used with different functional groups that react together. in addition only 1 type of monomer is used
define diol
an alcohol containing two -OH groups
define dicarboxylic acid
a carboxylic acid containing two -COOH groups
Name reactants for forming a polyester
diol and dicarboxylic acid
representing diol and dicarboxylic acid
HO — ☐ — OH HOOC — ☐ — COOH
chemical equation: condensation polymerisation producing a polyester
n(HO — ☐ — OH) + n(HOOC — ☐ — COOH) → -(- O — ☐ — O — CO — ☐ — CO -)-n + 2nH 2O
define monosaccharide
molecule made of one sugar unit
4 examples of natural polymers and their monomers
• starch polymer - glucose • cellulose polymer - glucose • protein polymer - amino acid • DNA - nucleotide
name: the two functional groups of amino acids
base (–NH2) and acid (–COOH)
Word equation: producing polypeptide
condensation polymerisation n amino acids → polypeptide + water
name the simplest amino acid
glycine