Cognitive Revolution

They are paradigm shifts

Non-cumulative developmental episodes [in the history of science] in which an older paradigm is replaced in whole or in part by an incompatible new one

Scientific theories which are a) spectacularly successful b) open-ended and c) taken as a model for future research

The Kuhn cycle is the stages science goes through Stage 1: Pre-science - there is no commonly accepted paradigm Stage 2: Normal science- science practiced under a paradigm Stage 3: Model Drift- paradigm stretched to explain anomalies (things the old paradigm can’t explain) Stage 4: Model Crisis- brought on by the accumulation of too many anomalies Stage 5: Model Revolution - New paradigms are developed, compete with old Stage 6: Paradigm change - New paradigm replaces old

The idea of private, introspectively accessible, and absolute transparent to itself; nothing is hidden to yourself Through introspection, self-report

Psychology is the science of behavior, not of the mind Sources of behavior are in the environment, not in the mind (introspection not reliable) Mental representations are unnecessary Complex (non-reflexive) behaviors are learned Learning based on reinforcement (conditioning)

Pavlov Start with an organism’s natural response (salivation) to some stimulus (food) Food = unconditioned stimulus (US) Salivation = unconditioned response (UR) Prior to onset of US, present another stimulus not naturally associated with UR (bell) After some pairings, the new conditioned stimulus will elicit the response all by itself

Latent learning: Rats given time to explore a maze without reward can, once rewarded, learn to run it more quickly than rats not given time first to explore Thus showing that reinforcement not necessary for learning Thus also showing that people must be storing relative locations in space with cognitive map Meaning that we do need mental representations

Shift away from behaviorism Representation, information processing, and computation instead of behavior

Computational Level Representation and Algorithm level Hardware Level

It is identifying the problem; what problem are you solving Goal

The method being used to solve the problem input and output general process, algorithm

The specific physical details to carry out the operation