Functional Groups and Homologous Series
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what is a functional group
an atom or a group of atoms that give a compound some distinct and predictable properties
what is the functional group of alcohols and carboxylic acids
• OH - COOH
what is a homologous series
• a set of compounds with the same functional group • that therefore have similar chemical and physical properties that show a gradation • and have the same general formula
what is a gradation
a gradual change from one to the next
what homologous series are mainly used as fuels
alkanes
what is the general formula of an alkane
CnH2n+2
what is the general formula of an alkene
CnH2n
what is the general formula of a halogenoalkane
CnH2n+1X (C2H5Br or CH3CH2Br)
what is the general formula of an alcohol
CnH(2n+1)OH
what are the products of completely burning an alkane or hydrocarbon in air (oxygen)
hydrocarbon + oxygen = water + carbon dioxide
what is the trend in the boiling point across the alkanes as the carbon chain length increases
• the boiling point increases • longer chain length and more atoms results in stronger intermolecular forces of attraction holding the hydrocarbon together • which requires more energy to overcome