Biology

• releases/synthesizes corticosteroids ex: glucocorticoids (stimulated by ACTH), mineralocorticoids(stimulated by angiotensin II), androgen, testosterone

-synthesized and released in anterior pituitary - regulated by corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) - stimulated adrenal gland to release glucocorticoids

• sharp change in the membrane potential on a neuron or muscle cell • caused by a change in selective permeability to Na+ and K+ ions • gated ion channels • all or nothing eventA

-large vesicle at the head of a sperm - contains enzymes to break down the ovum cell membrane to allow for fertilization

-synthesizes and releases epinephrine and norepinephrine - causes an increase in metabolic rate and blood glucose

• form of immunity in response to exposure to pathogens • consists of humoral and cytotoxic immunity • compare with : INNATE immunity

• carry information from the periphery to the central nervous system • aka sensory neurons

• steroid hormone • produced in the adrenal cortex • reabsorption of Na+ and water • excretion of K+ and H+ ions

• embryonic membrane • contains embryo waste products

• genes coding for different forms of a given trait

• synthesized by changing amino acids • some act as second messengers while others act similar to steroid hormones

• innermost extraembryonic membrane • produces amniotic fluid

-synthesizes vital hormones such as: –andrenocorticotropic –follicle stimulating – lutenizing – thyroid – prolactin – endorphins – growth hormones • under control of the hypothalamus

• peptide hormone also known as VASOPRESSIN • acts on the collecting duct to increase water reabsorption • produced by the hypothalamus • stored in posterior pituitary

• bound by an antibody, causing an immune reaction

• pelvis • pectoral girdles -limbs

• central cavity in the gastrula stage of embryonic development • lined by endoderm • gives rise to adult digestive tract

-vessels that carry blood away from heart - muscular, no valves

• portion of nephron NOT permeable to water • filtrate flows up through decreases concentration in interstitium • NaCl passively then actively removed from filtrate, decreasing filtrate concentration

• two thin-walled upper chambers of heart • right atrium: deoxygenated blood from venae cavae • left atrium : oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins

• valves located between the atria and ventricles (tricuspid and mitral valves)

• skull • vertebral column • ribcage -hyoid bone

• portion of neuron connect cell body (soma) to axon • impulses neuron receives from dendrites are summed at the hillock • determines if AP will occur

• viruses that can only infect bacteria