Nervous System
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Where does the sensory neuron enter the spinal chord through
Dorsal root
Where does the sensory neuron exit the spinal chord
Ventral root
Name the phases of the action potential
Resting state, depolarisation, rising phase, falling phase, undershoot
Functions of the frontal lobe
Thinking, problem solving, emotions, personality, language, control if movement
Functions of the parietal lobe
Precossing temperature, touch, taste, pain, movement
Functions of the occipital lobe
Vision
Functions of the temporal lobe
Processing memories, emotions, linking with senses, receive auditory info
Functions of Cerebellum
Controls posture, balance and voluntary muscle movement
Main words for a reflex arc question
Stimulus, receptor, sensory, interneuron, response, effector, motor
Describe resting state (action potential)
-sodium and potassium voltage gated channels are closed - resting potential (-70mV) maintained
Describe the depolarisation stage or an action potential
• stimulus is detected • some sodium gates open ~ sodium influx ~ increase membrane charge • if charge reaches -55mV (threshold) action potential is triggered
What occurs during the rising phase (action potential)
-more sodium gates open -potassium gates stay closed -large sodium influx makes inside the cell more positive in relation to the outside
What occurs during the falling phase of an action potential
-sodium gates close -potassium gates open and potassium exits the cell - membrane potential decreases
Undershoot
-all gates close (some potassium gates leak in potassium) - Sodium Potassium pump resets cell to resting state (resting potential) - 3 Na+ out : 2K+ in
4 things about saltatory conduction
-Myelinated axon - non continuous transmission -faster -travels from node to node
What 3 things protect the CNS
-meninges -cerebrospinal fluid -Bone
Whats the Blood Brain Barrier
A semi permiable membrane that inhibits foreign substances in the blood from entering the brain and maintains a constant environment for the brain
3 mininges layers
Dura matter (outer) Arachnoid (middle) Pia Matter (inner)
Cerebrospinal fluid
-shock absorber - between arachnoid + Pia Matter - supplies nutrients & disposes of waste
Differences between somatic and autonomic NS
Nerves: s- one motor neuron. a- preganglionic and postganglionic nerves Effector organs: s- skeletal muscle. A- smooth/cardiac muscle, glands Neurotransmitters: s- acetylcholine. A- acetylcholine, adrenaline, noradrenaline
Sympathetic division
Fight or flight (E)- exercise, excitement, emergency, embarrassment
Parasympathetic division
Rest and digest (D) - digestion, defacation, diuresis
What affects the speed of nerve transmission
Temp, axon diameter, myelin
Graded potential
Stimulus that doesnt reach the threshold