The Autonomic Nervous System
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In the autonomic NS, the effector organ is usually:
Smooth muscle, cardiac muscles and glands
In the ANS, is the regulation conscious or unconscious?
Unconscious regulation
Which neurotransmitters are in the ANS?
In the preganglionic, ACh. In the postganglionic, ACh, or NorEpi
In the ANS, which ganglia neurons are myelinated?
Pre is myelinated, post is unmyelinated
In the parasympathetic NS, is the preganglionic neuron long or short?
Long And the post ganglionic is short
In the Sympathetic NS, the preganglionic neurons are:
Short Postganglionic neurons are long
Collateral ganglia:
Close to spinal cord, for sympathetic NS.
Where is the terminal ganglia located and which Nervous System does it belong to?
At or within the effector organ, and in the Parasympathetic NS
Sympathetic NS and Parasympathetic NS have the same effector organs?
Yes, and this is called dual innervation
In the parasympathetic NS, how many postganglionic neurons can it have?
One or two
In the sympathetic NS, how many postganglionic neurons can it have?
Up to 20
Which neurotransmitter is not long lived in the parasympathetic NS?
ACh
Which neurotransmitter is long lived in the sympathetic NS?
NorEpi
Which neurotransmitter is in the preganglionic neuron for both the sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons?
ACh
For postganglionic neurons, which neurotransmitters are in the parasympathetic and sympathetic?
Para: ACh Sym: NorEpi
Cholinergic vs Adrenergic: All ganglionic neurons are cholenergic except which one?
Postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic neurons, called adrenergic, because it releases NorEpi
Barorecepters:
Located in the carotid artery in the neck. Sends signals that blood pressure is too high into the CNS that it is too high, or if it is too low. So if we need to decrease the heart rate, so a parasympathetic response is needed. If we need to increase the heart rate, a sympathetic response is needed.
Energy expenditure in the sympathetic NS:
Dump a bunch of energy to stop something from happening, like digestion at certain times. Good for survival mode.
Energy in the Parasympathetic NS:
Energy is Restored or conserved