Organic Chemistry Special Topics

Carbohydrates, nucleus acids, amino acids, peptides, proteins, lipids

Aka saccharides have the general formula of Cn(H2O)m

Simple carbohydrates

Polyhydroxylketones; contain the ketone group

Aliphatic Polyhydroxylaldehydes; contain the aldehyde functional group

Saccharides that cannot be hydrolyzed to simpler structures

Can be hydrolyzed to yield 2 monosaccharides

The configuration of the chiral carbon farthest from the CO group confers to the carbohydrate a sterochemicsl prefix of D or L

Compounds whose stereochemistry differs at only one carbon

Diastereomers caused by two possible conformations of a hemiacetal ring

The hemiacetal carbon C1

Product formed when anomeric carbon reacts with -OH group of an alcohol

Consist of several monosaccharides liked by glycosidic bonds

When polysaccharide contains up to ten monosaccharides

Contains phosphatesester backbones with two hydroxide on the sugar base

Contains a phosphate water backbone with only one hydroxyl group on the sugar base

Building blocks of nucleus acids, which are glycosides of ribofuranose-or ribofuranosides beta, derived from cyclic D-ribose

Single ring base

Two ring base

When ribonucleosides are phosphorylated at their C5 carbon

Cytidine monophosphate (CMP) Uridine monophosphate (UMP) Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) Guanosine monophosphate (GMP)

Deoxycytidine Deoxythimidine Deoxyadenosine Deoxyguanidine

When bases of DNA hydrogen bond with the other bases

Diplomat ions like amino acids