Chapter 14 Chemical Kinetics
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Define Chemical Kinetics
The study of the rate with which a chemical reaction occurs and the factors that affect the reaction
Define Rate
How much a quantity changes in a given period of time
Define Reaction Rate
The speed of a chemical reaction
The reactant concentration ___________ and the product concentration ___________ with time
Decreases ; increases
Reactants are ___________ and products are __________
Consumed ; formed
Define Rate of a Chemical Reaction
A measure of how fast the reaction occurs
Determine the rate of reaction of N2 N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) —> 2NH3 (g)
Rate = - Delta [N2] / Delta t
T/F In the rate of a chemical reaction the value will always be positive
True
For reaction A + 2B –> C under a given set of conditions, the initial rate is 0.1 M / s. What is the rate of change of [B] over time under the same conditions?
-0.2 M /s
Define Average Rate of Reaction
The change in concentrations in any time interval
Define Instantaneous Rate of Reaction
The rate at any given moment and is represented by the slope of the curve at that point divided by the stoi. coefficient
What are the factors affecting Reaction Rates?
• Reactant Concentration (Rate Law) • Temperature • Catalysts
Define Rate Law
The rate of the reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of each reactant (raised to a power)
T/F Rate law depends on both reactants and products
False ; ONLY reactants
What is the equation for Rate Law?
Rate = k [A]^n
In the equation for Rate Law? Rate = k [A]^n What does K, A, and n represent?
K - rate constant A - concentration of reactant n - order (n)
Define Zero Order
n = 0 ; when rate is independent of the concentration of A
In Zero Order does the reactant affect rate?
No, the reactant does not affect rate, the rate remains the same
What is the unit of “K” in Zero Order?
M / S
Define First Order
n = 1 ; rate is directly proportional to the concentration of A
In First Order does the reactant affect rate?
Yes, the reactant does affect rate directly because the rate doubles when doubling concentration X2
What is the unit of “K” in First Order?
S-1
Define Second Order
n = 2 ; rate is proportional to the square of the concentration of A
In Second Order does the reactant affect rate?
Yes, the reactant does affect rate to the power of 2 because the rate quadruples when doubling concentration