3.1 classification
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What are the names of the 5 kingdoms
Prokaryotes e.g. bacteria Protist e.g algae Fungi e.g yeast Plant Animal
Describe the information scientists can use to classify an organism as a new species.
Compare physical characteristics Observe ecological niches Molecular phylogeny or gel electrophoresis Cant’ t interbreed to produce fertile offspring
Taxonomy-
form of classification that focuses on physical similarities between species for easy identification and naming.
3 marker explain evidence that meant three domain overtook 5 kingdom
Using molecular phylogeny and bioinformatics Found similarities and differences between bacteria and archaea such as membrane structure and membrane protein
phylogeny -
classification of organisms by evolutionary relationships, so that every group shares a common ancestor.
How to name
Genus = capital letter Species lowercase
Order of hierarchy
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Cell walls of 5 kingdoms
Prokaryotes- peptidoglycan protist= cellulose Fungi- chitin Plant- cellulose Animal none
Cellular organisation of 5 kingdoms
Prokaryotes- unicellular protist= unicellular Fungi- multicellular but not yeast planta= multi animal= multi
Differences between prokaryotes and protists Prokaryote have 70s ribosome Protisa have 80s
Prokaryote have 70s ribosome Protisa have 80s
Two domains that have prokaryotic cells are
Archaea and bacteria
What are 3 domains
Bacteria Archea Eukaryota (plant, animal, fungo protists)
Which domain is amoeba in=
eukaryota has a nucleus
Definition of gel electrophoresis-
technique to separate charged ions in a fluid by using potential difference
Species definition=
group of organisms with similar characteristics that interbreed to produce fertile offspring
How they accept new theory of evolution
Peer review Scientific journals Conferences
Dna sequencing process
Dba pieces cut into pieces at specific points by restriction enzymes Pieces are chemically modified and tagged with fluorescent dyes, which give a different colour for each base Pieces are separated by electrophoresis and bases are recognised by colour When whole dna sequence is recorded they are linked together to make up base sequence of whole dna molecule
Definition of bioinformatics-
software and computing tools to organize and analysis raw biological data e.g math models and stats
Definition of dna sequencing=
process pf determining exact order of nucleotides in dna molecule
Homologous structure-
common structures but different purpose
. Analogous structure-
resemble each other in function but not structure
Limitations of species model
Finding evidence Plants of different species can interbreed and produce fertile offspring Some organisms don’t reproduce sexually
What is evolutionary species model-
based on shared evolutionary relationships between species.
What is mate recognition species model-
based on unique fertilisation systems. E.g mating behaviour