Unit 2 Metal extraction
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How is iron extracted
By carbon reduction in a blast furnace Fe(2)O(3) + 3CO –> 2Fe + 3CO(2)
Describe the extraction of aluminium and give an equation
Electrolysis of purified aluminium oxide, the ore is crushed and sodium oxide is used to extract the aluminium oxide from the ore Overall: 2Al(2)O3 –> 4Al + 3O(2)
What’s the equation for the positive electrode in aluminium extraction
2O(2) –> O2 + 4E-
What is the equation for the negative electrode for aluminium extraction
Al(3+) + 3E- —> Al
How is titanium extracted ? Give the equations which are necessary
Titanium is extracted by reduction from a more reactive metal (either sodium of magnesium) Titanium oxide is converted into titanium chloride using chlorine and carbon at 900*c TiO(2) + C + 2Cl(2) –> TiCl(4) + CO2
What is the equation for the reduction of titanium chloride to pure titanium and the conditions
600*c Atmosphere of Argon gas to prevent air from reacting with the titanium Sodium: TiCl4 + 4Na –> Ti + 4NaCl Magnesium TiCl4 + 2Mg –> Ti + 2MgCl2
What are the pros of the blast furnace and electrolysis over reduction
Titanium extraction is batch process while electrolysis and carbon reduction are continuous processes
What are the three forms of metal extraction; give an example for each one
1) carbon reduction (iron) 2) electrolysis (aluminium) 3) displacement (more reactive metals such as titanium)