Week 3 - Gas Laws
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What is the Ideal Gas Law?
PV=nRT P= Pressure V= Volume n= moles R= constant T= Absolute Temp
• How is the ideal gas law flawed in respect to “real” gases
Ideal gases don’t exist but as long as pressure isn’t too high and temperature isn’t too low, real gases approximate ideal behavior.
What is a mole of gas
At standard T and P the volume of a mole of an ideal gas is 22.71 L Avogadro’s number = 6.022 x 1023
Name all the different measurements given to measure atmospheric pressure
760 mmHg (torr) 760mmHg 14.7psi
What is the relationship of pressure to volume
pressure and volume are inverses
What does Charles’ law state
The volume of a gas is proportional to its absolute temperature V1/T1=V2/T2
What does Boyle’s law state
As pressure increases, volume decreases, and vice versa. P1V1=P2V2
• What does Guy Lussac’s law state
Pressure is directly proportional to absolute temp if volume is constant P1/T1=P2/T2
Combined Law Works for all of them
P1V1T2=P2V2T1
Volume and pressure (Boyles Law)
(The lungs, inspiration and expiration. The diaphragm contracts thus decreasing intrathoracic pressure and increasing the volume of gas within the lungs.)
Volume and Temperature (Charles Law)
Fill a syringe with air to a volume of 10 ml when the temperature is 25 degrees Celsius, allowing the plunger with the freedom of movement. If that syringe was bathe in hot water whose temperature was 100 degree Celsius the volume of gas would expand pushing the plunger out to a volume of 12.52 ml)
What is Avogadro’s number and what does it represent
Avogadro’s number is 6.023 X 1023. This number is indicative of the quantity of molecules in a mole of a substance
What is standard temperature
0 Celsius 273 Kelvin 32 Fahrenheit
What is standard pressure
1 atm= 101.325 kPa = 760 torr(mmHg)
What is the standard volume
22.71 Liters
What is Dalton’s Law
Dalton’s Law states that the total pressure of a system is the additive pressures of each individual gas in a mixture. Multiple gases in a mixture each will exert a pressure in proportion to its percentage in the mixture
Apply Dalton’s law to air at sea level
79% Nitrogen: 0.79 x 760mmHg (Atmospheric Pressure) = 600.4 mmHg partial pressure nitrogen 21% Oxygen: 0.21 x 760mmHg 156.6 mmHg partial pressure oxygen
What are Van der Waahl’s forces
collectively describes forces interacting between molecules
What is the molecular basis of pressure
Force exerted by molecules as they constantly move and collide with the walls of their container
What is the molecular basis of temperature
the quantitative measurement of the kinetic energy in a given area
What is the molecular basis of volume
Volume of a substance is directly proportional to the kinetic energy of that substance. With more kinetic energy, molecules in a substance move faster and farther apart. As molecules move farther apart. The attractive Van der Waal forces between them weaken and the substance may shift from a solid state to a liquid state
Just Know It