Reproductive System
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Where are sperm produced?
seminiferous tubules
What do the seminiferous tubules merge into?
vas deferens
What are the two primary organs of the female reproductive system?
uterus and ovary
What are the three phases of the menstrual cycle?
menstruation, proliferative phase, secretory phase
What is menstruation?
shedding of old endometrium
Which hormone stimulates development of new endometrium during proliferative phase?
estrogen
What controls the secretory phase?
progesterone
What are the three phases of the ovarian cycle?
follicular phase, ovulation, luteal phase
What is the purpose of the corpus luteum?
to primarily secrete progesterone until degeneration 2 weeks later
What hormone is secreted if the ovum is fertilized?
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
What does hCG do?
prolongs life of corpus luteum
Where does fertilization occur?
fallopian tube
What is the region above the sperm that allows it to break the egg’s barriers?
acrosome
What happens once the sperm penetrates the egg membrane and the nuclei have fused?
zygote is formed
What happens right after the zygote is formed?
cleavage, which is rapid mitotic division
What is the name for the clump of cells formed by cleavage?
morula
What happens after the morula forms?
implantation
What happens after implantation?
blastocyst formation
What are the two phases of the embryonic stage?
gastrulation and neurulation
What does the endoderm give rise to?
inner linings of respiratory system, digestive/reproductive/urinary system, glandular organs
What does the mesoderm give rise to?
blood, blood vessels, heart, non-glandular organs
What does the ectoderm give rise to?
external features + nervous system
Which animals have internal fertilization and little parental care?
turtles, snakes, lizards
Which animals have external fertilization and little parental care?
fish and amphibians