Section 10 Chapter 60 - IP addresses
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IP address
A unique numerical address used to identify a network node on the internet
Components of an IP address
Network identifier and host identifier (network is first)
Classful addressing
The number of bits assigned to the network identifier is either 7, 15 or 23 (fixed numbers depending on class A, B, C)
Classless addressing
The number of bits assigned to the network identifier is specified in the subnet mask
How to determine network ID from IP
IP (bitwise AND) subnet mask
The two standards of IP
v4 and v6
Why ipv6 was introduced
ipv4 is about to run out of unique ID’s
Subnetting
An additional address is stored in the IP address - the subnet ID
Difference between routable and non routable addresses
Routable addresses need to be uniqued and will be ‘outward facing’. Non-routable addresses can be used in a local network and only need to be unique to that network
DHCP
Dynamic Host Configuration Provides a temporary IP to a device and then releases this address when the device disconnects
NAT
Network Address Translation Converts IP addresses as data is moved from a public to private address space (or vice versa). Since private addresses are non routable a device will send the data through a router which will then replace the IP on the data with its own and make a recording of this. When data is returned the router will swap back the local IP address
Port forwarding
A method used to allow communication between a computer on a private network and a public computer., NAT is used so all requests go through the router at a specific port