1.1.2 Types of processor
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CISC vs RISC What is CISC?
Complex Instruction Set Computing Has single instructions for complicated processes Requires multiple machine cycles for each instruction Example of Von Neumann architecture
CISC vs RISC What is RISC?
Reduced Instruction Set Computing Multiple instructions are required for complicated processes Each instruction is carried out in a single machine cycle Example of Harvard architecture
CISC vs RISC Compare 7 factors of CISC and RISC
CISC: single instruction for more complicated processes RISC: multiple instructions for more complicated processes CISC: requires multiple machine cycles per instruction RISC: requires a single machine cycle per instruction CISC: less memory heavy RISC: uses lots of registers, requiring more RAM CISC: requires more complicated hardware RISC: uses simpler hardware CISC: supports simpler coding RISC: requires more complicated coding CISC: Von Neumann architecture RISC: Harvard architecture CISC: doesn’t support pipelining RISC: supports pipelining
Graphical Processing Units What is a co-processor?
Co-processors were developed to run alongside CPUs It is any additional processor used for a specialised task, to improve the speed of performance of the computer
Graphical Processing Units Describe a GPU
A Graphical Processing Unit was originally produced to render graphics Run slower than CPUs, though are highly specialized Easily run a single instruction over a lot of data using SIMD processing
Graphical Processing Units How do GPUs and CPUs differ in the tasks they perform?
CPUs excel at complex tasks on small data sets GPUs excel at simple tasks on large data sets
Graphical Processing Units What is SIMD processing?
Single Instruction, Multiple Data GPUs use it to perform single simple instructions on lots of data
Multicore and parallel processors What is a multicore processor, and how does it work?
A single CMP (Chip Multicore Processor) containing two or more independent processing units / cores Each core performs CPU instructions
Multicore and parallel processors Give two possible features of a multicore processor
Shared local cache memory An inter-core communication system
Multicore and parallel processors What is parallel processing?
The processing of program instructions by dividing them between multiple cores or processors
Multicore and parallel processors What features and drawbacks are associated with parallel processing?
Can use pipelining Speed depends on the task, such as if it is designed to be run through parallel processing
Von Neumann and Harvard architecture What are the features of Von Neumann architecture in comparison to Harvard architecture?
Von Neumann: instructions and data share memory space Harvard: instructions and data are stored in separate memory locations Von Neumann: both use the same buses Harvard: each uses their own buses Von Neumann: only one instruction or data can be fetched or written at a time Harvard: data can be read and written as instructions are being fetched
Von Neumann and Harvard architecture What are the features of Von Neumann architecture?
Instructions and data share memory space They use the same buses and are stored in the same format Each processor follows a linear fetch-execute cycle one instruction at a time Registers provide fast access to data and instructions
Von Neumann and Harvard architecture What are the features of Harvard architecture?
Instructions and data are stored in separate memory locations Each uses its own set of buses Data an be read and written as instructions are being fetched