Topic 3 - Redox 1
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What is oxidation?
the loss of electrons or H+ ions
What is reduction?
the gain of electrons or H+ ions
What is an oxidation number?
a number that relates to the charge of a species which can be used to determine whether the species is being oxidised or reduced (shows how many electrons need to be added to a species to make it neutral)
What is a redox reaction?
a reaction where oxidation and reduction take place
What is a disproportionation reaction?
a reaction where a single species within a rxn is both oxidised and reduced simultaneously
Is a species being oxidised or reduced if its oxidation number increases during a reaction?
oxidised
Is a species being oxidised or reduced if its oxidation number decreases during a reaction?
reduced
What is an oxidising agent?
a substance that removes electrons from another species (oxidises it) but is reduced itself
What is a reducing agent?
a substance that gives electrons to another species (reduces it) but is oxidised itself
What is the oxidation number of an uncombined element?
0
What is always the oxidation number of a group 1 element?
+1
What is always the oxidation number of a group 2 element?
+2
What is usually the oxidation number of combined hyrogen? What is its oxidation number when it is a hydride (bonded to a metal)?
+1 as a hydride: -1
What is usually the oxidation number of combined oxygen? And when it is a peroxide/superoxide?
• 2 peroxide: -1
What is the oxidation number of a group 7 element? And what is the exception to this?
-1 unless it is combined with something more electronegative
What is the oxidation number of a simple ion?
the same as the charge of the ion
What are half equations used for?
to represent oxidation/reduction of a single species in a reaction