Extremophile
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What are normal conditions necessary for life on earth
Temperature - -40 to +50 Ph: 4-8 Presssure: 30 kpa - 10000kPa (101kpa at sea lvl) O2 as electron receptor H2O - we don’t know currently any lifeform that does not require liquid water CO2 - our source of oxygen comes form things that need CO2 Plants came before other life so all life needed CO2 to get started
What is an extremophile
Must require a niche space to sruvive and reproduce that is outside what we define as normal
what is archaea, bacteria
archaea and bact can be extremophiles both are prokearyotes they are 2/3 domains, the third is eukarya
How extreme env determine metabolic pathways of life
Things adapt to the env they live in? They live with what they have
Categorisations of extremophiles Ac,Alk,An,E,H,M,B,Ps,Hyp,X
Acidophile -best at low ph, requires low ph to live Alkaphile - need high ph to live Anaerobe - can grow in absance in oxygen Endolith - lives inside rock or in the porse of mineral grains Halophiles - needs high salt concentration Methanogen - produces methane from hydrogen and CO2, important for titan life Barophiles - like high pressure Psychrophile - org that is best at 15 celsius or lower Hyperthermophiles - orgs that require 80 celcius or higher to exists, someetimes water must be above boiling Xerophiles - can live with very low water activity
Examples of extreme env
lake vostok - cold, high pressure Yellowstone springs - very acidic, hot Deep sea hydrothermal vents - very hot, has sulfur and methane oxidation Mono lake - very basic
different types of oxidation (where they occur, equation)
Hydrogen - H2 +1/2O2 -> H2O2 - in yellowstone Sulfer - S + 3/2 O2 -> SO3 - in hydrothermal vents methane oxidation - CH4 + 2H2O -> 4H2 + CO2 - in vents
What do redox reactions have to do with metabolism
The body generates energy through redox reactions, they move the electron to different molecules in an exothermic reaction