4.2 ALCOHOLS & HALOALKANES
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State what determines primary,secondary and tertiary name for alcohols
• the number of carbons that the carbon of the OH group is on
State the three properties of alcohols
1) Soluble due to polar OH group but decreases with chainlength 2) MP/BP increases with chainlength and is higher than alkanes due to hydrogen bonding 3) Volatility decreases with chainlength as there are more hydrogen bonds to overcome
State the four typical reactions of alcohols
1) Combustion of alcohols 2) Dehydration of alcohols (forms alkenes) (conditions = H₃PO₄ at 170°C) 3) Halide substitution of alcohols (forms haloalkane) (conditions = H₂SO₄ with NaBr) 4) Oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols (conditions = acidified potassium dichromate with reflux/distill)
Reaction/conditions of oxidation of primary,secondary and tertiary alcohols and colour change
(and water is also always formed)
Reaction/conditons for combustion of alcohols (ethanol)
Reactions/conditions for dehydration of alcohols (ethanol)
Reaction/conditions for halide substitution of alcohols (ethanol)
State what determines primary,secondary and tertiary name for haloalkanes
• the number of carbons that the carbon of the halide group is on
State the two typical haloalkane reactions
1) Hydrolysis of haloalkanes (forms alcohol) (conditions = aqueous NaOH) 2) Percipitation of haloalknes (forms coloured silver halides) (conditions = silver nitrate and ethanol)
Reaction/conditions/mechanism for hydrolysis of haloalkanes (bromoethane)