Key Concepts In Bioligy
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A plant cell, a prokaryotic cell, or a eukaryotic cell
Eukaryotic cell
In which sub cellular structures, do most of the reactions for respiration take place
Mitochondria
Which sub cellular structure maintains the internal pressure in a Plant cell
Vacuole
Describe the main similarities and differences between a bacterial cell and a plant cell
Similarities: both have a cell membrane, a cell wall, cytoplasm and ribosomes differences: plant cells have chloroplasts and mitochondria, but bacteria do not, the chromosomes of a plant cell are contained within the nucleus where as bacteria have chromosomal DNA that floats freely in the cytoplasm, bacterial cells may also contain small loops of extra DNA called plasmids
Where are ciliated epithelial cells found
On the surface of organs
Give two functions of an egg cell
To carry the female DNA and to provide nutrients to the embryo in early stages
Why do sperm cells contain a large number of mitochondria?
Provide energy (from respiration) needed to swim to the egg
Why is it important that egg and sperm cells are haploid?
So that when an egg cell and a sperm cell nucleus combine at fertilization the resulting cell will have the right number of chromosomes (haploid cells only have half the chromosomes of a normal body cell)
Describe how ciliated epithelial cells are adapted for moving substances
They have Celia, which beat to move substances in one direction along the surface
Why does the structure of an eggs cell membrane change after fertilization?
To stop any more sperm getting in ,making sure that the offspring end up with the right amount of DNA
What is the purpose of the fine adjustment knob on a light microscope?
It’s used to focus the lens until a clear image of what’s on the slide appears
True or false? electron microscope’s have a smaller magnification than light microscope’s, but they have a higher resolution than light microscope’s
False
Describe how you would put a cover slip onto a specimen on a slide, so that it’s ready to be viewed under a light microscope
The cover slip should be placed at one end of the specimen, and held at an angle with the mounted needle. It should then be carefully lowered onto the slide and pressed down gently, so that no air bubbles are trapped under.
How has electron microscopy increased our understanding of cells?
The high magnification and high resolution has allowed biologists to see very small structures in detail like the internal structure of mitochondria and chloroplasts. This has allowed biologists to better understand how cells work, and give us a greater understanding of the role of sub cellular structures
Is a pico meter smaller or larger than a nanometer
Smaller
What is the formula to calculate the microscope’s total magnification?
Image size = actual size X magnification Magnification = image size/actual size Image size = magnification/actual size
Why might a student want to estimate the size of a protist as well as calculating it with a Calculator?
To ensure the answer they get with a Calculator is sensible
How do you enzymes affect the rate of Reaction
Enzymes increase the rate of reaction and act like a biological Catalyst
What is an active site of an enzyme?
The part of the enzyme which joins onto its substrate to catalyze the reaction
True or false? enzymes usually only work with one substrate
True
What are some variables that affect the rate Rate of an enzyme catalyzed reaction
Temperature, pH and substrate concentration
What happens to an enzyme when it’s denatured?
Some of the bonds holding the enzyme together a break, and the shape of its active site changes. This means that the substrate won’t fit so the enzyme can no longer catalyze a reaction anymore.
True or false? pH is the dependent variable in an experiment investigating how pH affect enzyme activity
False
In an experiment investigating how pH affects Emily’s activity, what would you use to test for the presence of starch?
Iodine solution