C2.5 Explaining trends
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What is the effect when the atoms become larger as you go down the group?
➢ Larger atoms lose electrons more easily as you go down the group ➢ Larger atoms gain electrons less easily going down a group
Why does the reactivity increase as you go down group 1?
➢ Atoms get larger - so the single electron in the outermost shell is attracted less strongly to the positive nucleus ➢ The electrostatic attraction with the nucleus gets weaker because the distance between the outer electron and the nucleus increases ➢ The outer electron also experience a shielding effect from the inner shells of electrons ➢ Reduces the attraction between the oppositely charged outer electron and the nucleus
Why does the reactivity decrease as you go down group 7?
➢ The atom gets larger - so the outer electrons get further away from the nucleus ➢ Outer shell will be more shielded by more inner shells of electrons ➢ Reduces electrostatic forces of attraction ➢ Making it harder to attract a gain an extra incoming electron
What does the electrostatic attraction depend on?
➢ The distance between the outermost electrons and the nucleus ➢ Number of inner shells ➢ The size of the positive nucleus