Acids, alkalis and salts
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What is an acid?
substance producing more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions when dissolved in an aqueous solution with a pH less than 7
HCl(aq) →
H+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
What is an alkali?
base producing more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions when dissolved in an aqueous solution with a pH above 7
NaOH(aq) →
Na+(aq) + OH-(aq)
What is a neutral solution?
solution that is neither acidic or alkaline pH value of 7
What is a base?
any substance that reacts with acid to form salt and water only (neutralises it)
What are 2 examples of bases?
metal oxides metal hydroxides
What colour does red litmus paper turn when an acidic/neutral/alkaline solution is added?
stays red stays red turns blue
What colour does blue litmus paper turn when an acidic/neutral/alkaline solution is added?
turns red stays blue stays blue
What are alkalis?
type of base that dissolves in water to produce more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions with a pH above 7
Why is copper oxide a base but not an alkali?
it is insoluble in water
Explain why all alkalis are bases, but not all bases are alkalis.
alkalis are bases soluble in water not all bases are soluble in water, so not all are alkalis
Zinc oxide reacts with hydrochloric acid to form zinc chloride and water. Zinc oxide is insoluble in water. State and explain whether zinc oxide is a base, an alkali, or both
its a base as it reacts with an acid to produce salt and water but it is insoluble in water so it is not an alkali
What is a neutralisation reaction?
reaction between acid and base to form salt and water
What do acids in solution produce?
hydrogen ions (H+)
What do alkalis in solution produce?
hydroxide ions (OH-)
Give the ionic equation of the hydrogen and hydroxide ions between an acid and alkali
H+(aq) + OH-(aq) → H2O(l)
What is produced when an acid reacts with a metal?
salt and hydrogen are produced
Acid + metal →
salt + hydrogen
Hydrochloric acid + magnesium → 2HCl(aq) + Mg(s)→
magnesium chloride + hydrogen MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)
Name the two products of the reaction of zinc with hydrochloric acid
zinc chloride and hydrogen
sulfuric acid + iron → H2SO4(aq) + Fe(s) →
iron(II) sulfate + hydrogen FeSO4(aq) + H2(g)
Name the products of the reaction between zinc and sulfuric acid, and write an equation for the reaction.
The products are zinc sulfate and hydrogen. H2SO4(aq) + Zn(s) → ZnSO4(aq) + H2(g)
What are redox reactions?
when reduction and oxidation take place at the same time during a reaction