Psychological Strategies Part 1
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What are the 5 psychological strategies used to improve sports performance?
Motivation, goal setting, arousal levels, concentration, sleep
What are extrinsic motivating factors?
Factors which are external to the athlete, including prize money, trophies, progress charts
What are intrinsic motivating factors?
Factors which come from within the individual, including enjoyment from participation and self-satisfaction
When should positive motivation be applied and what does it include?
More regularly, especially with beginners, such as great shot, keep working hard or good effort
When should negative motivation be applied and what does it include?
If performance is inadequate or incorrect, such as saying terrible pass or having to do 10 push-ups for missing a target
What is goal setting?
A motivational technique which occurs when athletes set down clear targets, priorities and expectations
What is the correlation between athlete performance and goals?
Athletes are more committed and likely to achieve when they have a goal
How does goal setting improve performance?
Focusing attention on important elements of skills, activating an athlete’s effort, encouraging perseverance
What does the SMARTER principles of goal setting stand for?
Specific, measurable, accepted, realistic, time phased, exciting, recorded
What does the specific principle of goal setting mean and give an example?
Goals need to be specific and as clear as possible to focus attention, eg: to use a kick serve effectively
What does the measurable principle of goal setting mean and give an example?
Progress should be evaluated against a standard of previous performance, eg: to land the serve in the service box 20 times per each training session
What does the accepted principle of goal setting mean and give an example?
Goals should be accepted by all parties involved in preparing the athlete, eg: parents, coaches and athlete are all agreed
What does the realistic principle of goal setting mean and give an example?
Goals should extend the athlete but be achievable within their ability, eg: a success rate of 80% of kick serves per match is realistic
What does the time phased principle of goal setting mean and give an example?
Goals should include a specific date for competition, eg: have the kick serve ready by 23rd October
What does the exciting principle of goal setting mean and give an example?
The athlete needs to be challenged and inspired, eg: set up a mini tournament with friends
What does the recorded principle of goal setting mean and give an example?
Goals should be written down, eg: recorded in a training diary after each session
What is self-confidence?
An individual’s belief that they will be successful
What are some behaviours of confident athletes?
They exhibit positive emotions, remain calm under pressure and stay focused on task
What can athletes do to build confidence?
Achieve success, master skills/game strategies during training, know what to expect and how to respond to different situations
During a match, what helps to maintain the confidence of an athlete?
Positive thoughts and self-talk