Air Quality, Climate and Water
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Which gas is most present in clean, dry air?
nitrogen
What is the composition of clean, dry air?
78% nitrogen 20% oxygen 1% water vapour 0.97% argon (among other inert gases) 0.03% carbon dioxide and others
How is carbon dioxide mainly formed?
complete combustion of carbon-containing fuels
How is carbon monoxide formed?
incomplete combustion of carbon-containing fuels
How are particulates (soot) formed?
incomplete combustion of carbon-containing fuels
How is methane formed (2 ways) ?
decomposition of vegetation waste gases from digestion in animals
How are oxides of nitrogen formed?
nitrogen and oxygen in the air react in the HIGH TEMPERATURES of car engines fala high temperatures nao fala heat
How is sulfur dioxide formed?
combustion of fossil fuels that contain sulfur compounds
What are common air pollutants?
carbon dioxide carbon monoxide soot/particulates oxides of nitrogen sulfur dioxide methane
What is the negative effect of carbon dioxide?
increases global warming, leads to climate change
What is the negative effect of carbon monoxide?
toxic gas, binds to haemoglobin in your blood and reduces capacity to carry oxygen
What is the negative effect of soot/particulates?
increases risk of cancer increases risk of respiratory problems
What are the negative effects of nitrogen oxides?
acid rain photochemical smog respiratory problems
What is the negative effect of methane?
increases global warming, leads to climate change
What is the negative effect of sulfur dioxide?
acid rain
What are strategies to reduce the effects of climate change?
planting trees reducing livestock farming less use of fossil fuels more use of hydrogen renewable energy
What are strategies to reduce the effects of acid rain?
catalytic converters in vehicles using low-sulfur fuels use of flue gas + calcium oxide for desulfurisation
What is an obligatory product of incomplete combustion?
water
What other products, besides water, can be formed from incomplete combustion?
soot, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide
What is the general word equation for complete combustion?
hydrocarbon + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
Which two products are always formed from complete combustion?
carbon dioxide and water
What two ways do greenhouse gases (CO2 and methane) cause global warming?
they absorb, reflect and emit thermal energy reduce the loss of thermal energy to space
How do oxides of nitrogen form in car engines?
nitrogen and oxygen in air react in the heat of a car engine
What happens to nitrogen oxides in a catalytic converter?
they are reduced