Acids and alkalis *
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What is an acid?
a solution that contains H+ ions, turns litmus red and has a pH of less than 7
What is a base?
a substance that will react with an acid to form only salt and water
What is an alkali?
a solution that contains OH- ions, turns litmus blue and has a pH greater than 7 soluble base
Values below 7 on the pH scale : the ______ the pH number, the _______ the concentration of H+ ions in the solution and the ______ the acid
the lower the pH number, the higher the concentration of H+ ions in the solution and the stronger the acid
Values above 7 on the pH scale : the ______ the pH number, the _______ the concentration of OH- ions in the solution and the ______ the alkali
the higher the pH number, the higher the concentration of OH- ions in the solution and the stronger the alkali
What happens at 7 on the pH scale?
the H+ ions and the OH- ions balance each other out, making the solution neutral
What are the products to these acid reactions? acid + base –> acid + alkali –> acid + metal –> acid + metal carbonate –>
acid + base –> salt + water acid + alkali –> salt + water acid + metal –> salt + hydrogen acid + metal carbonate –> salt + water + carbon dioxide
What is a salt?
a compound formed by neutralisation of an acid by a base
What is neutralisation?
a reaction in which an acid reacts with a base to produce a salt and water only
What are the products to these neutralisation reactions? acid + metal hydroxide –> acid + metal oxide –> acid + metal carbonate –> acid + ammonium hydroxide –> acid + ammonia solution –>
acid + metal hydroxide –> salt + water acid + metal oxide –> salt + water acid + metal carbonate –> salt + water + carbon dioxide acid + ammonium hydroxide –> ammonium salt + water acid + ammonia solution –> ammonia salt