Energy changes in industry
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What is lattice energy?
The energy required to make one mole of an ionic lattice
What is Hess’s Law?
The total enthalpy change of a reaction is independent of the route taken.
What is a catalyst?
A substance that speeds up the rate of reaction by decreasing the activation energy needed for the reaction, so it provides the reaction with an alternate pathway. the catalyst is never used up throughout the reaction.
How to convert Celsius to kelvin
+ 273
What is the equation for enthalpy change
Change in internal energy + pressure x change in value
What are the units for the three standard conditions
temperature- 298k concentration- 1mol dm-3 pressure- 100kpa
what are the three standard conditions
temperature concentration pressure
Enthalpy change of hydration
When one mole of a gaseous ion are dissolved in water to make an infinite dilute solution
Enthalpy change of combustion
When one mole of a substance is burnt in oxygen under standard conditions
Enthalpy change of formation
When one mole of a compound is formed from its element under standard conditions
Enthalpy change
The change in heat energy at a constant pressure
What will happen to the enthalpy diagrams when a catalyst is added
Less activation energy will be required during this reaction
What is the enthalpy charge of an endothermic reaction
Positive
Endothermic reaction
A reaction in which more energy is absorbed
What is the enthalpy change of an exothermic reaction
Negative
Exothermic reaction
A reaction that releases more energy in the form of heat
Endothermic reaction
Heat is absorbed by the system from the surroundings.
Chemical energy
The energy required to break or make bonds