C4 Extracting Metals and Equilibria
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How can you extract metal?
• Reduction by carbon • Electrolysis
Why do we use electrolysis to extract metals?
The metal is more reactive than carbon so it can’t displace the oxygen
What is a disadvantage of electrolysis?
It’s expensive as it needs electricity
What is bioleaching?
Where bacteria separate metals from their ores by breaking bonds between atoms in the ore, separating out the metal from the ore. The leachate contains the metal ions which can be extracted by displacement or electrolysis
What is phytoextraction?
Where you grow plants in soil that contains metal compounds. The metals gradually build up on the leaves. The plant is then burnt and the metal can be extracted by electrolysis or displacement in the ash
How is nitrogen obtained?
From the air
How is hydrogen obtained?
From hydrocarbons such as crude oil
What are the conditions for the Haber process?
450C, 200 atm and the presence of an iron catalyst
What is dynamic equilibrium?
The forward and backwards reactions are happening at the same rate. The concentration does not change, all in a closed system
What happens if you increase the temperature in equilibrium?
The equilibrium will shift towards the endothermic direction
What happens if you increase the pressure in equilibrium?
The equilibrium will shift towards the side that has the least moles of gas
What happens if you increase the concentration of reactants in equilibrium?
The equilibrium will shift towards the right as there are more reactants