Ch 9- enhancing your cardiovascular health

directly related to 33.6% of deaths cause of 1 out of 2 deaths good news: between 1997 and 2007, death rates form CVD declined 28.7% due to canging lifestyles and medical advances in diagnosis and treatment

cardio= heart vascular= blood vessels

away

towards

smalles extension of the vascular system

4-chambered upper chambers atria lower chambers- ventricles septum= divided left and right sides

also known as: myocardial infraction diseased coronary arteries

average adult= 5 quarts of blood functions: transportation- nutrients/O/hormones/meds/infections regulation of water content maintain appropriate pH balance of body fluids regulation of body temp prevention of blood loss- clot or coagulate (scab) protection against toxins and micro organisms

increase likelihood it could occur attributes a person has or will be exposed to

could encourage you to make a serious commitment to the risk factors you can change increasing age -heart disease develops gradually -rare in 20s and 30s -81% of heart attack= age 65+ male gender -higher risk than females before 55 -hormone- estrogen= protection -after menopause= similar rates heredity -genetic predisposition -as a group african americans are at an increased risk of high blood pressure

cigarette smoking and second hand smoke -smokers have a 2-4 times higher risk of heart attack -second hand smoke= 30% risk of heart disease death -former smokers (pack or less a day)= within 3 years same risk as a nonsmoker physical inactivity -regular aerobic exercise= beneficial 30 minutes/day 5 days a week= decrease heart disease risk blood cholesterol high blood pressure -hypertension “silent killer” -systolic= highest pressure -diastolic= lowest pressure diabetes mellitus -increased risk of heart and blood vessel diseases -65% of diabetics die of heart disease -abnormal cholesterol and blood fat obesity and overweight -abdominal fat= strain on heart -influences blood pressure and blood cholesterol levels -obesity= trigger diabetes in predisposed people

3 or more of the following risk factors: • abdominal obesity • abnormal blood lipids • elevated blood pressure • elevated fasting glucose • 2X as likely to develop heart disease

individual response to stress sex hormones oral contraceptives alcohol (too much)

coronary heart disease hypertension stroke congenital heart disease rheumatic heart disease congestive heart failure

• damage to vessels that supply blood to the heart • atherosclerosis- plaque build up on inner-walls of arteries • angina pectoris- coronary arteries become narrowed- reduced oxygen supply • arrhythmia

high blood pressure

cerebrovascular accidents- results from blood vessel damage to the brain

defect present at birth

final stage in a series of complications started by strep throat

heart lacks strength to circulate blood normally throughout the body

The chest; the portion of the torso above the diaphragm and with the rib cage

vessels that supply oxygenated blood to heart muscle tissue

specialized muscle tissue that forms the middle (muscular) layer of the heart wall

the type of lipoprotein that transports the largest amount of cholesterol in the bloodstream; high levels of LDL are related to heart disease